Write short notes on the following (in about 20 words each): (20/5X2=10)

Answer any TWO of the following (in about 150 words): (150/15X2=30)

What were the reasons for the emergence of Left Wing within the Congress ? Assess the role of congress socialist party in the freedom struggle ?

What were the Cripps proposals ? Why were they rejected by the Congress ?

Discuss the aims and objectives of the Home Rule Movement. To what extent it was successful ?

What was Wavell Plan ? What were the reasons for the failure of Simla Conference ?

Akshay Kumar Datta

Deccan school of architecture

Nandalal Bose

Thomus Munro

Deccan riots

Atmiya Sabha

Deoband Movement

Santhal uprising

Communal Award

Two nation Theory

Veerapandya Kattabaomman

Young Bengal Movement

Ilbert Bill

Scholarship Scheme

What were the recommendations of the Cabinet Mission Plan ? In what way the “Grouping pattern” was different from the Right of Self Determination ?

Answer ANY TWO of the following (About 150 words each). 15 x 2 = 30.

What was the social programme of the Bramho Samaj ? Discuss it’s achievements.

What were the major recommendations of Motilal Nehru Committee Report ?

Why was it rejected by M.A. Jinnoh ?

Discuss the role of I.N.A in the National Movement ?

Write about the following. (About 20 words each). 15 x 2 = 30.

N.M. Joshi

Akali Movement

Mirja Galib

Aruna Asaf Ali

Sir William Jhones

Acharya Nagarjuna

E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker

Ustad Mansoor

Mahatma Jyothiba Phule

Maulvi Ahmadullah

Jatin Das

Lord Macaulay

Indigo Revolt

Mitramela

Soviet Russia Revolution 1917 an inspiring factor for the intellectuals of Modern India - Socialism appeared to be an alternative ideology for most of the intellectuals like M.N. Roy etc.

Existing Congress leadership disgusted the working classes and the peasantry alike - alternative leadership was required.

Within the Congress party, the failure of Non-Cooperation Movement led a split - Bose and Nehru were disenchanted with Satyagraha Movement.

Organised anti Zamindari Movements independently from the Congress Party.

Insisted on passing the resolution on land reforms.

Q.B. CRIPPS PROPOSALS :

Dominion Status to India after the World War II.

Constitutional Assembly for drafting a new constitution after the World War II.

Right of self-determination was granted to the princely states and provinces.

A federal government with British India and Princely States.

The defence portfolio remains with the Viceroy, Congress rejected the proposals for

1. No time bound plan
2. Right of self-determination harmful to national interests
3. Defence portfolio continue to be with the Viceroy.

a. Justice Party, self-respect movement, ANDPY, Nair Welfare Society, Praja

Mitra Mandal in Madras Presidency.

In Bombay Presidency - Satya Shodak Samaj of Mahatma Jyotiba Phule.

Bombay presidency depressed Class Mission Society of Shinde.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Mahad Satyagraha etc.

Achievements :

1. Movements became well organized ones.
2. Secured representation in the form of separate Communal electorates under Communal Award 1932.

Objectives of Home Rule Movement :

1. Securing self-governance to India

2. Promote the idea of Native Education

Assessment :

1. The movement succeeded in getting Dyarchy under 1919 Montague Chelmsford Reforms.
2. A new leadership in the form of Motilal Nehru, Indulala Yagnik etc.
3. The idea of Native Education continued to be an item in the agenda of congress party.

Wavell plan and Simla Conference :

Suggested by Lord Wavell to end the constitutional deadlock. It proposed for,

1. Leaving the Viceroy’s Executive Council completely incharge if Indians, except the post of Commander-in-Chief.
2. Equal representation to Hindus and Muslims in the Executive Council.
3. Simla Conference failed because the league insisted that it should choose among the Muslim members of the Executive Council.

2. Akshay Kumar Datta - the first Marxist social scientist to study the Indian society in terms of class.

3. Deccan School of Architecture also called Vasara School of architecture patronized by Badami Chalukyas found in Aihole, pattadakal and badami. 4. Nandalal Bose : a popular Modern Indian painter.

5. Thomas Munro : Principal Collector of ceded Districts introduced Ryotwari in system in Madras presidency and promoted equally education popular and Markandeya Muni.

6. Deccan Riots 1875 in the Ahamed Nagar and Pune districts of Bombay presidency against Marvari money lenders. Under Vasudev Balwanth Phadke, they became violent and ended with the Deccan Peasants Relief Act 1879.

7. Atmiya Sabha the first social reform organisation of Raja Rammohan Roy founded in 1815 at Calcutta to promote studies of on Upanishads.

8. Deoband Mont : Founded by Moulana Hussain Ahamad in 1866 also called Dar-ul-ulm, a secular movement with personalities like Moulana Abul Kalam Azad.

9. Santhal uprising 1854-56 in the Rajmahal hills of Bihar against the British land revenue policy and the exploitation of contractors and money lenders. Led by Siddhu and Kanhu, Santhals defeated General Borrough and declared the formation of the first independent tribal kingdom in India it inspired even 1857 Revolt.

10. Communal Award 1932 announced by British Prime Minister Ramsay Mc Donald provided for separate communal electorates to the depressed classes on the demand of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

11. Two Nation Theory introduced by M.A. Jinnah provided ideological basis for the demand of Muslim League for a separate state called Pakistan in the Lahore Session 1940. According to it Hindus and Muslims constitute. The separate nations and hence cannot coexist in one soil.

12. Veerapandya Kattabommam the Jamindari of panchala Kurichchi in Tamilnadu organized a rebellion against the British land revenue policy during the years 1792-97.

13. Young Bengal Movement started by Henry Vivan Derogis in 1824. It inspired most of the young Bengal intellectuals and generated awareness on social semmic issues.

14. Ilbert Bill introduced by law member in the executive council of Viceroy and Rippon in 1884 intended to provide equality before law by allowing Indian Judges to prosecute the English Criminals. The failure of the Bill served the cause of promoting nationalism.

15. Scholarship scheme was introduced by Lord Mayo to enable the meritorious Indians appearing for Civil Service Exams held in London.

Q.1. Reasons for the emergence of Revolutionary Terrorism :- During the latter half of the 19th century political consciousness of the people had been growing steadily. By the turn of the century, the general mood of discontent had spread to the rural gentry, the peasantry and the workers. It is not surprising, therefore, that the moderate leaders who went on pleading with the Government for reform were beginning to be less and less popular. The situation threw up a large number of new leaders who were more radical in their demands and who believed in a more militant from of nationalism. It resulted in the rise of Extremism within the Congress and the of Terrorism outside it. The primary causes of this militant nationalism.

a. Recognition of the true nature of British Rule: Politically conscious Indians were convinced that the purpose of British rule was to enrich England at the cost of India. The evil economic consequences of foreign rule were symbolized in the eyes of the people by the disastrous famines occurring between 1896 to 1900. The political events also disappointed the nationalists. In 1898 a law was passed making it an offence to preach Nationalism. The Indian Universities Act of 1904 was seen by the nationalists as an attempt to bring Indian universities under tighter official control and to check the growth of higher education.

b. Growth of self-respect and self-confidence: Leaders like Tilak and Bipan Chandra Pal preached the message of self-respect and asked the nationalists to rely on the character and capacities of the Indian people.

c. Growth of education and unemployment: By the end of the 19th century, the number of educated Indians had increased perceptibly. Large numbers of them worked in the administration of extremely low salaries while many others increasingly faced unemployment. Many of them were attracted by radical nationalist politics.

d. International influence: The rise of modern Japan after 1868 showed that a backward Asian country could develop itself without Western control The defeat of the Italian army by the Ethiopians in 1896 and of Russia by Japan in 1905 exploded the myth of European superiority Revolutionary movements in Ireland and Russia, Egypt, Turkey and China and the Boer War in South Africa convinced the Indians that a united people willing to make sacrifices could challenge even the most powerful of despotic governments.

e. Existence of a militant nationalist school of thought: >From almost the beginning of the national movement a school of militant nationalism had existed, represented by leaders like Rajnarain Bose and Aswini Kumar Dutta in Bengal and Vishnu Shastri Chiplunkar in Maharashtra.

TERRORISM IN BOMBAY PRESIDENCY

a. In 1987 Chapekar Brothers Damodar and Balakrishna assassinated two unpopular British Officers called Ayerste and Rand in Puna for their indifference.

b. In 1899 Mitramela a Terrorist Organisation, 1st one of its kind India was founded by Savarkar Brothers.

c. Savarkar Brothers also founded another terrorist organisation called Abhinava Bharata in 1907. They were arrested under Nasik conspiracy case.

BENGAL PRESIDENCY

1. Anushilan Samithi was the first terrorist organisation in Bengal Presidency founded by Barindra Kumar Ghosh, jatindranath Banerji and Pramotha Mitter in 1902. ‘Anushilan Samiti’ of Dacca was founded by Pulin Das in 1902. These were the first revolutionary secret societies in Bengal.

2. In 1919 Surya Sen founded The Hindustan Peoples Republican Party.

3. Unsuccessful attempt on the life of the Lt. Governor of East Bengal (Fuller) by Barindrakumar Ghosh and Bhupendranath Dutta in 1906.

4. Kennedy murders in 1908 by Khudiram Basu and Prafulla Chaki, though the original target in this the sadistic judge of Muzffarpur, Kingsford, escaped unhurt. (Many revolutionaries, including Aurobindo Chosh, were arrested by the British immediately after the Kennedy murders),

5. Seizure of the Chittagong armoury by revojutionaries under Surya Sen in 1930, and the issuing of an Independence Proclamation in the name of the ‘Indian Republican Army’.

6. Arrest of Surya Sen in 1933 and his execution soon after.

MADRAS PRESIDENCY

Bharathamatha Sangam was the popular Terrorist Organisation in Madras Presidency founded by Subrahmanya Shivam and Neelakanta Brahmachary in 1908. It involved in the assassination of the District Collector Aash.

Q. 2 CABINET MISSION PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS:

1. The unity of India had to be retained.

2. The demand for Pakistan, as demanded by the Muslim League, was rejected on the ground that it would not solve the communal minority problem. In addition, partition would create many serious problems in defence, communications and other areas.

3. There was to be a Union of India, consisting of the British Provinces and the Princely States. The Union Government and its Legislature were to have limited powers, dealing with only defence, foreign affairs, and communications. The Union would have the powers necessary to raise the finances to manage these subjects.

4. All subjects other than the Union subjects and all residuary powers would vest in the Provinces.

5. The Princely States would retain all subjects and all residuary powers other than those ceded to the Union.

6. The Constitutions-making body or the Constituent Assembly would be formed of representatives of Provincial Assemblies and the princely States. Each Province was to be allotted a total number of seats in proportion to its population, roughly in the ratio of one representative to a million population. The Constituent Assembly was to consists of 293 members from the British Provinces and 93 members from the Princely States.

7. The Provinces were grouped into three categories – A,B and C. Group A was to consist of Madras, United Provices, Bihar, Central Provinces and Orissa; Group B was to comprise (the Muslim-majority areas) of the Punjab, Sind, NWFP and Baluchistan; Group C was to include Bengal and Assam(where the Muslims had small majority over the rest). This measure of the Cabinet Mission was unique and also the most controversial. The grouping of Provinces was devised to satisfy the Muslim League, so as to give it a “substance of Pakistan” to exercise almost complete autonomy in the Muslim-majority provinces.

The Right of Self Determination was a provision first accorded to the princely States under Crips proposals. In the context of the Cabinet Mission Plan first it provided for unity of India, denied the very idea of Pakistan but provided for autonomy to the provinces where Muslims constituted the majority. The Right of Self Determination does not imply division of India in any manner.

Q. II. A. The social programme of the Bramho Samaj included; 1. emancipation of women 2. Eradication of social evils 3. To demand for progressive education 4. To create awareness on Social, economic and political issues.

Its achievements included, 1. At the instance of Bramho Samaj, the custom of sati was abolished in 1829 by Lord William Bentink 2. English became the official medium of instruction.

3. The Samag organized the movements against issues like trail of Jury and for civil liberties. 4. It continued to inspire many socio-religious reform movements of modern India.

B. The Motilal Nehru Committee submitted its report in August 1928 first envisaged that the countries new constitution would rest on the solid base of dominion status.

Its other recommendations were a. The lower houses in the central legislature and the provincial councils consist of members elected by joint mixed electorates with reservation of seats for Muslims at the center and such provinces where they constituted a minority, and, similarly, reservation of seats for Hindus in the North-West Frontier province;

b. That there should be no reservation of seats for Muslims in the Punjab and Bengal;

c. That the reservation of seats should be on the basis of population and for a fixed period of 10 years; communities whose seats were reserved were to have the right to contest additional seats;

d. That adult universal suffrage was to be provided;

e. That Sind and Karnataka were to be separate provinces;

f. That lists of subjects on which the central and provincial governments were to exercise authority were to be provided in the schedules.

It was rejected by Jinnah for:

1. It was against the spirit of Lucknow Pact 1916.

2. The Report had denied separate communal electorates to the Muslims.

2. It succeeded in making the issue of India’s freedom an international issue.

3. its commandership set a brilliant example of communal harmony and secular outlook.

4. The trail of I.N.A officers continued to inspire the spirit of India’s freedom struggle.

1. Varahamihira – a great astrologer in the court of Chandragupta Vikramaditya II of the Guptas and was the author of Brihat Jataka Brihat Samhita and Pancha Siddanta.

2. N.M. Joshi a pioneer of Trade Union Movement in modern India founded A.I.T.U.C and also social service league.

3. The Akali movement was against the misuse of the Sikh Gurudwaras by the Mahanths or the Sikh Priests. It ended with the Sikh Gurudwara Act 1925 according to which S.G.P.C was created.

4. Mirzal Ghalib considered as father of Modern Persian and Urdu Poetry popular for brilliantly written letter reflecting the society, of his times. He recorded the events of 1857 Revolt in his book Dastambo. His poetic ideas also reflected an universal outlook.

5. Aruna Asaf Ali was one the founder of the congress Socialist party founded in 1933 During the course of the Quit India Movement along with Jayaprakash Narayan she organized underground activities.

6. Sir William Jhones founder of the Royal Asiatic society in Calcutta to promote studies on Orientalism and Sanskrit learning.

7. Acharya Nagarjuna was the greatest scholar on Buddhism. Founded Mahayana Buddhism and also philosophy called Sunyavada.

8. E.V. Rama Swamy Naicker popular as Periyar founded the Self Respect Movement advocated marriages without priests. Founded the Journal Kudi Arasu to promote his ideas.

9. Ustand Mansoor the greatest painter in the court of Jahangir popular as the Raphel of the East.

10. Mahatma Jyotibaphule, pioneer of the lower caste movements in Bombay presidency founded Satyashodak Samaj and also wrote Gulamgiri and Sarvajanika Satya Dharmardhak Pustak.

11. Maului Ahamadulla a Wahabi activist organized the revolt against the British during 1857 Revolt at Faizabad.

12. Jatin Das a popular revolutionary terrorist arrested by the British under Lahore conspiracy case. He started the 63 days famous hunger strike for the better treatment of political prisoners at the Lahore jail and became a martyr.

13. Lord Macaulay, the first law member in the Executive Council drafted the famous Macualay Minute that made English medium of instruction and also introduced the Rule of law and Equality before law.

14. The Indigo Revolt 1858 - 60 was against the unjust Tinkatiya system in Indigo cultivation organized by the peasantry at Jessore, and Nadia in West Bengal and Darbanga in Bihar under the leadership of Bishnu Charan Biswas and Digambar Biswas. It was the 1st Satyagraha Movement in Modern India.

15. Mitramela, or terrorist organization founded by Savarkar Brothers was the 1st terrorist organisation in India.

Critically analyse the contribution of Swarjists to the freedom movement.

Discuss the reasons for the failure of Round Table Conferences.

Perala Cherala incident

What are the steps taken by the Government to promote sustainable development in the country?

Importance of Sethusamudram Project

Write short notes on the following (in about 20 words each): (20/5X2=10)

Tsunami

Agro climatic zone

Project Tiger

Man and Biosphere Programme

National Highway Development Programme

Inter State Council helps in improving the relations between the Centre and States. Discuss

Critically analyse the demands for creation of new states.

Answer any TWO of the following (in about 150 words): (150/15X2=30)

Do you think the Indian presidency is a ceremonial institution? Substantiate your answer.

Of late, the position of Governor has been politicised. Analyse the reasons behind and suggest measures.

What are the main features of Right to Information Act passed by the Parliament?

Constructive Vote of No Confidence

Certiorari

Uniform Civil Code

Privileges of Members of Parliament

What major changes do you propose to strengthen the United Nations in its responsibility to secure international peace and security?

What are Millennium Development Goals? What is India’s position in achieving them?

Discuss the measures of the government towards gender empowerment .

What are the main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005?

What are stem cells? How are they useful? State the controversy.

National Human Rights Commission

Oxfam

C R Irani

Gender budgeting

Explain India’s position on the developments in Nepal.

Diego Garcia

What is the main function of the newly created Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs

What are the main recommendations of 12th Finance Commission?

Answer any TWO of the following (in 150 words each )

What are the benefits of Value Added Tax( VAT) being introduced in the country?

Discuss the importance of the Small Scale Industries in India. What is being done to make them competitive?

What are the tax reforms being undertaken in India to widen the tax base?

What is microcredit?

Giffen goods

Answer the following (Answer to each question should be in about 20 words) (20/5X2=30)

Mekong Ganga Cooperation

World Economic Forum

India’s policy towards Sri Lanka’s ethnic problem

IBSA

Greenpeace

G-20

One Country Two Systems

What are stem cells? Discuss their benefits. What is the controversy?

Why is iodised salt important in India?

What is cryogenic engine in space technology? What is its significance?

open source soft ware

Fibre optics

‘In an examination, 500 students appeared of which 40% were girls. Of these, 100 students including 20 girls were declared to be unsuccessful. Among those who were successful, 20 % were placed in third division while 10% got first division. The remaining students were placed in second division of which half were boys. No girl, however, got first division.’ Represent the above information in a suitable tabular form.

The mean of marks obtained in an examination by a group of 100 students was found to be 47.58. The mean of the marks obtained in the same examination by another group of 200 students was 63.25. Find the mean of the marks obtained by both the groups taken together.

Param Padma

DTH

Why was Wagah in news recently?

India says that the approach to global terrorism should not be `selective’. What does it mean?

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